开云体育-埃及队战胜突尼斯，士气高涨

admin 2个月前 (10-30) 欧冠 19 0

　　2017年5月13日大陆托福独立写作

　　Which one of the following values is the most important to share with a young child (5-10 years old)?

　　1. being helpful to others

　　2. being honest

　　3. being well-organized

　　对于5-10岁埃及队战胜突尼斯，士气高涨的孩子来说，以下哪种品质的分享最为重要？

　　1. 乐于助人

　　2. 诚实守信

　　3. 条理清晰

　　类似题目：

　　2016年12月3日大陆托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that people nowadays are more willing to help people (giving food or clothing) than in the past?

　　你同不同意以下观点：现代人比以前的人们更愿意帮助埃及队战胜突尼斯，士气高涨他人（捐赠食物或衣服）？

　　2017年5月6日大陆托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　Do you agree or disagree: It is impossible to always be completely honest with your friends?

　　你同不同意：总是对朋友完全诚实是不可能的？

　　2017年1月7日大陆托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　You are helping to select a leader for a student organization or a group. Do you think a person's honest is the most important characteristic for being a leader?

　　你正在帮一个学生组织或团体选择领导人，你觉得诚实是作为领导人最重要的品质吗？

　　2013年10月25日北美托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　You are helping to elect a student leader for a student organization or a club. Do you agree or disagree that honesty is the most important thing to consider in deciding whom to vote for?

　　你正在帮一个学生组织或社团推选领导人。你同不同意：诚实是在考虑给谁投票时最重要的因素？

　　2013年3月2日北美托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　People should state their honest opinions even though they know others will disagree with their views.

　　人们应该表达自己真实的观点，尽管他们知道别人会不同意。

　　2008年10月25日北美托福独立写作真题回忆：

　　Students who keep the room neat and organized are more successful than who do not.

　　那些能够保持房间干净整洁的学生比那些做不到的学生更成功。

埃及队战胜突尼斯，士气高涨

　　5月13日的这道“三选一”题目，虽然题目本身以前并没有考过，但是它的三个选项都是以前考过的题材。所以同学们如果准备了有关“honest”、“help others”、“well-organized”的素材（分论点、例子之类），都可以运用到本题中。但一定要注意不能生搬硬套，要稍作修改灵活使用，毕竟题目还是不一样的。

　　我们一起来看一个参考提纲。

　　参考提纲：

　　观点：

　　我个人认为三个选项中诚实守信是最需要与5-10岁孩子分享的品质。

　　Opinion:

　　I personally believe that being honest is of the greatest importance among the three choices to be shared with children aged 5-10.

埃及队战胜突尼斯，士气高涨

　　理由1：

　　诚实守信是传统美德之一，也是为人处事最重要的原则。应该从小就培养孩子这一品质。

　　Reason 1:

　　Being honest is one of traditional virtues as well as the most important interpersonal principle; therefore, children should be trained to be honest from an early age.

　　理由2：

　　与其他两个选项比起来，诚实守信是5-10岁的孩子最容易做到的。因为这个年龄段的孩子还小，不管帮助他人还是管理自己都有困难。

　　Reason 2:

　　Compared with the other two options, being honest is the easiest for children at the age from 5 to 10, because these kids are too young to either help others or organize themselves well.

　　总结：

　　毋庸置疑，帮助他人、管理自己确实都是很好的品质，但是对于小孩子来说，最值得被分享的品质应该是诚实守信。

　　Summary:

　　There is no doubt that being helpful to others and being well-organized are indeed good characters. When it comes to little kids, however, the value that is worth sharing most is being honest.

　　Tip

　　在备考时，同学们不能寄希望于考试正好考到自己看过且准备过的机经原题，因为题库实在太大了。就算同学们已经为90%的题目准备了提纲，正式考试时仍然有可能考到没有准备的那10%。所以同学们在积累素材时，应该按题材分类，考试时碰到同样的题材就可以使用了。但切记要随机应变，托福独立写作5分评分标准中的第一个就是“Effectively addresses the topic and task”（切题）。

　　另外，5月13日的独立写作考的是一道“三选一”题目，同学们作答时可以任意选择三个中的某一个，即选择自己最擅长、最喜欢的一个，只要能够自圆其说、条理清晰，就不会影响分数。还需强调一点：被选择的那一个肯定是文章的重点，文章也是围绕着它来展开；但是未被选择的两个也需要被提及，不能当它们不存在。（“二选一”的题目也需如此。）

　　2017年5月13日大陆托福综合写作

　　Topic:金字塔中的shafts有什么用

　　阅读：shafts in the great pyramid可能有三种用处

　　1. ventilation，在金字塔底层房间会有很多烟雾（因为照明)，所以shaft可以通风。

　　2. star alignment，宗教因素，因为在埃及stars代表gods，而这些shafts的位置align with stars。

　　3. passageways for kings’ spirits，灵魂可以通过shafts进入。

　　听力：以上都不对

　　1. 一共4个shafts，下面的俩个没有连接到外部，进不去气，所以不会是通风。

　　2. later埃及人相信stars和gods有关系的时间，金字塔建立的时间要earlier，所以不可能是宗教用途。

　　3. 灵魂travel不需要actual passageways，别的金字塔都是在墙上弄symbolic image，所以也不是灵魂通道。

　　5月13日的综合写作题目与2016年6月4日的综合写作题目相同，大家也一起看看吧！

　　重复题目：

　　2016年6月4日大托福综合写作真题回忆：

　　Topic: 金字塔中的shafts真正的用处

　　阅读：有三个可能

　　1. used as ventilation

　　2. have religious meaning with their position correspond to the position of stars, which represent god in Egypt

　　3. the passageways for the king’s spirit to travel to the afterlife

　　听力：反对

　　1. shafts do not stick out and cannot reach air

　　2. linkage between gods and stars believed by the Ancient Egyptians was raised later than the year when the pyramid was built

　　3. many other pyramids used symbolic images on the wall to represent the passageway

　　好了，对于5月13日的综合写作题目，我们要怎么做呢？我们来看一个参考范例。

　　参考范例：

　　The reading and the lecture are discussing the functions of the shafts in the great pyramid. The reading passage lists three possible purposes, which are refuted by the lecture respectively.

　　First of all, the reading passage argues that these shafts are used for ventilation. Because lighting in rooms at the bottom of the pyramid will make a lot of smoke, shafts were built to ventilate these rooms. However, the lecture points out that there are four shafts in total, and the two located below do not stick out, so the air will not come in. Therefore, it is unlikely that these shafts are used for ventilation.

　　Second, the passage mentions that these shafts were constructed for religious purpose in that the Egyptians believes that stars represent gods, and the locations of these shafts are just aligned with stars. Yet the lectureadmits the connection between stars and gods believed by the Egyptians, it also indicates that the pyramid was built at a time earlier than such belief was formed.So, the religion purpose is unconvincing.

　　Last, the passage states that these shafts are passageways for kings’ spirits. Without arguing about whether spirits travel or not, the lecture cites new evidence to prove that spirits do not need actual passageways. That is, in other pyramids, they put symbolic images on the wall as the passageways. Hence, they cannot be passageways for kings' spirits.

　　（参考范例的加粗部分就是阅读观点与听力观点之间相关系的体系。）

　　在官方指南中，综合写作5分的评分标准是：

　　A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.

　　这个分数的文章能够成功挑选出听力材料中的重要信息，流畅并正确地表达这些信息与阅读材料中相关信息的关系。文章组织良好，偶尔有语言错误，但不影响内容的准确性和严密性，以及衔接。

　　综合写作4分的评分标准是：

　　A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important informationfrom the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information inrelation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission,inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture orin connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at thislevel if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long assuch usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than anoccasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.

　　这个分数的文章大体上能够挑选出听力材料中的重要信息，流畅并正确地表达这些信息与阅读材料中相关信息的关系。但是描述听力材料中的信息时或表达这些信息与阅读材料相关信息的关系时，存在少许遗漏、错误、模糊或不准确的现象。如果文章中存在较频繁或明显的次要语言错误，这些错误最多影响文章清晰度或观点之间的衔接，也属于4分文章。

　　综合写作3分的评分标准是：

　　A response at this level contains some important information from the lectureand conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one ormore of the following:

　　l Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveysonly vague, global, unclear, or somewhat imprecise connection of the pointsmade in the lecture to points made in the reading.

　　l The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture.

　　l Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections betweenthe two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise.

　　l Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeablyvague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.

　　这个分数的文章包含一些听力材料中的重要信息，也表达了它们与阅读材料的一些相关关系，但是它具有以下一个或多个特征：

　　l 尽管文章整体确实切题，但在表达听力材料和阅读材料的点及它们之间的关系时存在模糊、笼统、不清晰或是有点不准确；

　　l 文章遗漏了讲座中的一个主要的关键点；

　　l 听力材料或阅读材料中的一些关键点，或者是两者间的关系，可能表达得不完整、不正确或不准确；

　　l 用词和/或语法错误较频繁，可能造成较明显的表述不清或是在表达论点以及论点之间关系时意思模糊。

　　（综合写作2分和1分的评分标准就不再列举了。）

　　总的来说，同学们在做综合写作题目时，最重要的就是：第一，总结听力文本中的点（summarize the points in the listening passage）；第二，解释它们是如何与阅读文章相关的（explain how they relate to specific points in the reading passage）；第三，偶尔出现一些小的语言错误关系不大。因此，同学们还是要提高自己的听力水平，尤其是通过听力获取信息的能力。托福考试中，除阅读外，其它三科都考查了同学们的听力能力，可想而知听力有多重要了！